Biohydrogen production from residual biomass: The potential of wheat, corn, rice, and barley straw - recent advances

This work reviews the potential of wheat, corn, rice, and barley straw for biohydrogen production, highlighting it as a promising solution for sustainable energy. We analyze the physicochemical properties of these straws, which are rich in carbohydrates and lignin, essential components for bioenergy production. Advanced pretreatment approaches, such as ultrasound, torrefaction, and electrohydrolysis, have proven effective in increasing biohydrogen yields. Research and development of fermentation technologies, such as dark fermentation and photofermentation, are crucial to improving process efficiency. Despite environmental and economic advantages, biohydrogen production faces significant challenges, including biomass conversion efficiency and economic viability. The infrastructure for the collection, transportation, and storage of agricultural residues also presents a challenge. This review explores the potential of wheat, corn, rice, and barley straw for biohydrogen production, emphasizing its role in sustainable energy generation. Biohydrogen production from agricultural residues is a viable alternative for the circular economy and environmental sustainability, contributing to waste reduction and climate change mitigation.