Thermophilic degradation of sulfamethazine by Geobacillus sp. S-07: pathway and mechanism
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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
Published on: October 15, 2015
Ting Pan1, Yan-Yan Zhou1, Xu Huang1
1State Key Laboratory for Ecological Security of Regions and Cities, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
Abstract:
Biodegradation is crucial for the removal and remediation of sulfonamide antibiotic (SA) contamination. Comprehensively understanding the thermophilic degradation mechanism is essential for the application of SA-biodegrading isolates in engineered systems, such as composting. In this study, we explored the thermophilic biodegradation mechanism of Geobacillus sp. S-07 on sulfamethazine (SMZ). Targeted metabolite analysis unveiled that strain S-07 effectively detoxifies SMZ by modifying the amino moiety and disassembling the sulfonamide bridge moiety. By integrating genomic and proteomic analysis, enzymes potentially involved in the SMZ biotransformation were further proposed, including an adenine deaminase, a dimethylsulfone monooxygenase, and a putative heme-containing peroxidase. Genomic analysis indicated that S-07 carries five antibiotic resistance genes, presenting a low mobility in horizontal transfer, implying its low resistance pollution risk in bioremediation application. This study offers novel insights into the thermophilic SA biodegradation mechanism, and provides biological resources for the development of thermophilic bioremediation technologies aimed at enhanced SA removal.
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