Con: Sterile Technique for Peripheral Vascular Access: Are We as Sterile as We Think?

Peripheral venous access is a cornerstone of anesthesiology, traditionally performed with a clean but non-sterile technique. The increasing use of ultrasound for vascular access has sparked concerns about infection control, particularly regarding whether ultrasound probe covers ensure sterility. We argue that while probe covers provide a physical barrier, they do not render the procedure sterile and may lead to a false sense of security if basic hygiene practices-such as proper probe disinfection, hand hygiene, and skin antisepsis-are neglected. Confusion on this topic stems from confusion in the definitions of "sterile" versus "clean" techniques, inconsistent guidelines across professional societies, and the potential financial and environmental costs of using probe covers. Ultimately, current evidence does not robustly support the routine use of sterile probe covers for peripheral venous access. Adherence to local guidelines and comprehensive infection control measures is essential for patient safety.