Aging and chronic inflammation: impacts on olfactory dysfunction-a comprehensive review.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Gerontology

Background:

• Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a prevalent condition, especially in older adults, diminishing their quality of life.
• Both peripheral and central olfactory systems are affected by aging and chronic inflammation.
• Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathological changes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the influence of aging and chronic inflammation on olfactory dysfunction.
• To elucidate the molecular mechanisms and pathological changes in OD.
• To provide a theoretical basis for future research and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on aging, chronic inflammation, and olfactory dysfunction.
• Analysis of studies examining peripheral and central olfactory system changes.
• Exploration of molecular pathways and pathological alterations.

Main Results:

• Aging leads to structural and functional decline in olfactory receptors and neural pathways.
• Chronic inflammation exacerbates OD by inducing tissue damage and altering molecular signaling.
• Specific molecular mechanisms linking age-related diseases and inflammation to OD are identified.

Conclusions:

• Aging and chronic inflammation are key contributors to olfactory dysfunction.
• Targeting molecular pathways involved in aging and inflammation may offer therapeutic benefits.
• Further research is needed to develop effective treatments for OD.