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Resolution of anti-GAD-associated autoimmune encephalitis in patients treated with efgartigimod
Min Chen1, Zhuajin Bi1, Wenzhong Kang1
1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Introduction:
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a significant clinical phenotype of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-associated disease, which is characterized by disturbances in GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Efgartigimod, a neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor antagonist, controls the trafficking and recycling of pathogenic anti-GAD immunoglobulin G, showing promise as a therapeutic target.
Methods:
We present a case report involving the treatment of three patients affected by GAD-seropositive autoimmune encephalitis with efgartigimod. The patients' overall disability was assessed using the modified Rankin scale.
Results:
After 4 weeks of efgartigimod treatment, the patients demonstrated substantial improvements, including no dementia or behavioral abnormalities and well-controlled seizures.
Discussion:
Our findings suggest that efgartigimod is a potential candidate drug for the treatment of anti-GADassociated autoimmune encephalitis, particularly in patients presenting with TLE.
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