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Gut microbiota modulation: a key determinant of atopic dermatitis susceptibility in children

Huimiao Tang1,2, Wenxin Li3, Yidan Xu1,2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|May 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with atopic dermatitis (eczema) show altered gut bacteria, with less diversity and more harmful microbes. Factors like diet and antibiotic use influence this gut dysbiosis, impacting eczema development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease prevalent in children.
  • The gut microbiota's role in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis is an emerging area of research.
  • Understanding gut microbiome alterations is crucial for pediatric eczema management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural changes in the gut microbiota of children with atopic dermatitis.
  • To identify factors influencing gut microbiota composition in pediatric atopic dermatitis.
  • To explore the gut microbiota-immune system interplay in atopic dermatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of research on gut microbiota in children with atopic dermatitis.
  • Analysis of studies comparing gut microbiota structure in affected children versus healthy controls.
  • Examination of factors impacting gut microbiota, including diet, environment, birth mode, and antibiotic exposure.

Main Results:

  • Children with atopic dermatitis exhibit reduced gut microbial diversity.
  • A decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in potentially harmful bacteria are observed.
  • Diet, environmental exposures, birth mode, antibiotic use, and gestational diabetes influence gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • Gut dysbiosis is significantly associated with atopic dermatitis in children.
  • Modifiable factors impacting the gut microbiota offer potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into gut microbiota modulation may lead to improved probiotic strategies for pediatric atopic dermatitis.

Keywords:
atopic dermatitischildrengut microbiomeinfluencing factorstructural feature

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