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Primary Cardiac Myxofibrosarcoma: A Case Report.

Takuya Matsushiro¹, Tomoki Tamura¹, Tetsuya Horai¹

¹Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.

Surgical Case Reports

|May 13, 2025

Summary

Malignant cardiac myxofibrosarcoma is rare and difficult to diagnose, often mimicking benign cardiac myxoma. This case highlights its aggressive nature and challenges in treatment, emphasizing the need for accurate pathological evaluation.

Keywords:

primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma recurrent cardiac myxoma tumor incarceration

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Pathology
Oncology
Rare Tumors

Background:

Primary cardiac tumors are rare, with malignant myxofibrosarcoma being exceptionally uncommon.
Cardiac myxoma is a more frequent clinical diagnosis, posing a diagnostic challenge.
This case presents an unusual clinical course of cardiac myxofibrosarcoma.

Observation:

A 67-year-old woman presented with dyspnea due to a large left atrial tumor.
The tumor recurred twice after initial resection, and metastasis to the pleura was confirmed.
Pathological analysis of all resected tumors confirmed myxofibrosarcoma.

Findings:

The patient experienced an unusual and aggressive clinical course with rapid tumor progression.
Chemotherapy with doxorubicin was ineffective due to severe side effects and tumor growth.
The patient succumbed to the disease within a year of diagnosis.

Implications:

Cardiac myxofibrosarcoma presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its histological similarity to cardiac myxoma.
Accurate diagnosis necessitates comprehensive histological and immunohistochemical evaluation.
The rarity and aggressive nature of this tumor underscore the need for further research into effective treatment strategies.