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Phaeohyphomycosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Case Series
Nishantan Thamotharan1, Vengatachalapathy P2, Arthipriya Kumaravel2
1Dermatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Cureus
|May 13, 2025
Summary
Phaeohyphomycosis, a rare fungal infection, can affect kidney transplant recipients. Early diagnosis via KOH mounts and biopsy, followed by surgical excision and antifungal medication, is key for successful treatment.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Dermatology
- Transplant Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi.
- It predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly transplant recipients, due to impaired cell-mediated immunity.
Observation:
- Three cases of post-renal transplant phaeohyphomycosis are reported, occurring 6-12 months after transplantation.
- Clinical presentation included cystic swellings and subcutaneous abscesses.
Findings:
- Diagnosis was confirmed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount showing pigmented septate hyphae.
- Histopathology and culture identified *Phialophora verrucosa* as the causative agent.
- Treatment involved surgical excision of lesions combined with oral itraconazole and voriconazole.
Implications:
- This case series highlights the importance of considering phaeohyphomycosis in transplant recipients with subcutaneous lesions.
- Prompt diagnosis and combination therapy (surgical and antifungal) are crucial for managing these infections.
