Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2025
11:31
High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model
Published on: August 16, 2019
7.8K
Teplizumab: a promising intervention for delaying type 1 diabetes progression
Muhammad Rizwan Saleem1, Muhammad Talha Khan1
1Dow Medical College Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Frontiers in Endocrinology
|May 13, 2025
Summary
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition. Teplizumab, a new therapy, is approved to delay the progression of stage 2 T1D in at-risk individuals aged 8 and older.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Autoimmune diseases
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
- Current management involves external insulin, highlighting the need for disease-modifying therapies.
- Preventive strategies are gaining traction for high-risk populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate Teplizumab as a disease-modifying therapy for Type 1 diabetes.
- To assess the efficacy of Teplizumab in delaying T1D progression.
- To investigate Teplizumab's role in individuals with stage 2 T1D.
Main Methods:
- Clinical trial evaluating Teplizumab's impact on T1D progression.
- Focus on adults and children aged 8+ with stage 2 T1D.
- Assessment of disease modification and progression markers.
Main Results:
- Teplizumab is the first approved therapy to modify the course of T1D.
- The therapy is indicated for delaying progression to stage 3 T1D.
- Demonstrated efficacy in a specific at-risk population.
Conclusions:
- Teplizumab represents a significant advancement in T1D treatment.
- Early intervention with Teplizumab can delay disease progression.
- Offers a new therapeutic option for individuals at high risk of T1D.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
272
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
272
01:23Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
139
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
139
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.1K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.1K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.3K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.3K
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
214
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
214
01:26Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
142
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
142