Intracellular Polymerization Induced Self-Assembly and Gold Nanocomposite Synthesis in Living Bacteria

In this paper, we present a novel intracellular strategy for the in situ synthesis of gold-polymer nanocomposites within living bacteria. By transforming Escherichia coli into active nanofactories via intracellular polymerization-induced self-assembly (iPISA), we achieved precise control over composite architecture. Our findings indicate that bacterial cells play an active role in constructing complex nanomaterials, offering new perspectives for the sustainable synthesis of nanocomposites and the integration of biological systems in materials fabrication.