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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Microbial transfer through fecal strings on eggs affects leaf beetle microbiome dynamics.

Yueqing An1, Sarahi L Garcia1,2, Peter A Hambäck1

  • 1Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden.

Msystems
|May 13, 2025
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Summary

Fecal strings aid gut bacteria transfer in Galerucella beetles. This method stabilizes gut microbiome diversity across insect life stages, unlike species lacking this trait.

Keywords:
16S RNAgut microbiomemicrobial ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Insect microbiology
  • Microbial ecology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Metamorphosis significantly impacts insect gut microbiomes.
  • Specialized transmission routes are crucial for microbiome colonization between host life stages.
  • The genus *Galerucella* exhibits varying maternal fecal string deposition behaviors on eggs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different microbial transfer mechanisms affect gut microbial community dynamics across insect life stages.
  • To compare gut microbiome stability in *Galerucella* species with and without fecal string deposition.
  • To understand the role of maternal provisioning in insect gut microbiome establishment.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to analyze gut microbial communities.
  • Comparative analysis of gut microbial communities across larval, pupal, and adult stages.
  • Five *Galerucella* species, differing in fecal string behavior, were studied.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiome alpha-diversity was more stable across life stages in species that deposit fecal strings.
  • Consistent interspecific microbiome differences were observed, with several taxa present across all life stages.
  • Fecal string deposition appears to facilitate stable vertical transfer of gut bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal fecal strings play a key role in maintaining gut bacterial diversity and dynamics in *Galerucella*.
  • Fecal string deposition enhances the vertical transmission of gut microbes between insect generations.
  • Non-fecal string-placer species rely on alternative, less efficient transmission routes for microbiome establishment.