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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2025

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

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Artificial Light-Driven Ion Pumps.

Weipeng Xian1, Ruifen Shi1,2, Sai Wang3

  • 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial light-driven ion pumps mimic nature to convert solar energy into directional ion transport. This review explores photoelectric and molecular phototransduction mechanisms for sustainable energy and desalination applications.

Keywords:
active transportion channelion pumpmolecular phototransductionphotoelectric‐driven transport

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetic Engineering
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Natural ion pumps efficiently convert solar energy into directional ion transport, vital for cellular processes.
  • Artificial light-driven ion pumps are inspired by these natural systems for applications in energy harvesting and desalination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize synthetic light-driven ion pumps based on their underlying mechanisms.
  • To analyze design strategies, operational principles, and material innovations in artificial ion pumps.
  • To discuss current applications and future challenges of light-driven ion pump technology.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of synthetic light-driven ion pumps into photoelectric-driven transport and molecular phototransduction paradigms.
  • Analysis of biomimetic origins, design strategies, and material innovations for each paradigm.
  • Review of emerging applications and remaining challenges.

Main Results:

  • Two primary mechanisms for artificial light-driven ion pumps identified: photoelectric-driven transport and molecular phototransduction.
  • Innovations include dynamic photoresponsive molecules, semiconductors, and heterostructures for controlled ion transport.
  • Precise spatiotemporal control over ion selectivity, flux, and energy conversion is achievable.

Conclusions:

  • Light-driven ion pumps offer transformative potential for sustainable energy, desalination, and bioelectronics.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges for practical implementation and broader adoption.
  • Biomimetic design principles are key to advancing artificial ion pump technologies.