Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
Published on: July 1, 2015
Laura Mackay: Don't be afraid to engage
1Senior Scientific Editor, JEM, Rockefeller University Press, New York, NY, USA.
None:
Laura Mackay is a professor and Immunology Theme Leader at the Doherty Institute at the University of Melbourne. Her lab investigates memory T cells, including their development, the role tissue-resident memory T cells play in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and barrier immunity, as well as ways in which these cells may be used therapeutically to treat various pathologies. We spoke to Laura about the importance of speaking up (and encouraging others to do so), gaining confidence in your career, and her uncommon introduction to science.
Related Concept Videos
Obedience
Persuasion Strategies
Social Loafing
Barriers to Effective Communication I
Communication barriers include the following:
Physiological barriers: They are limitations caused by a person's health condition or disability, such as hearing loss, poor eyesight, illness, or unconsciousness. An example to overcome this barrier...
Barriers to Effective Communication II
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

