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Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

96
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Association of Rurality With Mortality After Congenital Heart Surgery.

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Living in nonmetro areas after congenital heart surgery (CHS) is linked to higher mortality. However, neighborhood socioeconomic status largely explains this increased risk, highlighting disparities in care for these patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Significant health outcome disparities exist between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas.
  • The impact of geographic residence on mortality for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is not well understood.
  • This study investigates the association between residential area and survival outcomes following congenital heart surgery (CHS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between residing in metro versus non-metro areas and survival outcomes in patients who have undergone CHS.
  • To identify if geographic location influences in-hospital and long-term mortality after CHS.
  • To explore the role of socioeconomic factors in mediating the relationship between residence and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium.
  • Patient outcomes, including mortality, were tracked through the National Death Index until 2022.
  • Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to analyze associations, adjusting for various covariates.

Main Results:

  • The study included 28,504 patients with a history of CHS; 69.4% resided in metro areas.
  • Patients in non-metro areas had a lower 30-year survival rate (86.5%) compared to those in metro areas (88.4%).
  • Non-metro residence was associated with increased long-term mortality risk (aHR, 1.12), which was attenuated after accounting for neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES).

Conclusions:

  • Residence in non-metro areas is linked to increased in-hospital and long-term mortality post-CHS.
  • The observed association between non-metro residence and mortality risk is largely explained by neighborhood socioeconomic status.
  • Findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to mitigate disparities and improve outcomes for all CHS patients.