Capoeira and Its Effects on Health-Related Outcomes-A Systematic Review

Objective: Capoeira is an Afro-Brasilian martial art as well as a music- and dance-based cultural practice. This article aims to establish a foundational framework for future research endeavors in the domain of Capoeira by conducting a comprehensive review of existing literature focused on the relationship between Capoeira and physical as well as mental health aspects. Methods: PubMed, PsychArticle, and Google Scholar were searched from January 01, 2012, until July 15, 2022. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Study selection and risk-of-bias judgments were performed by two authors independently. Only articles written in German or English language were eligible for this review. Geographical restrictions with regard to social status or gender were not made. Results: A total of 19 relevant studies meeting predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified for analysis. While robust studies specifically addressing the intersection of Capoeira and physical and mental health are currently lacking, this review reveals mixed findings. The impact of Capoeira on physical health (cardiovascular variables, flexibility, balance, bone density) appears inconclusive, contrasting with the more discernible positive effects observed on mental health outcomes (general health behavior/lifestyle, executive functions, conscious attention control, social skills, prosocial behavior, self-efficacy, self-confidence, resilience, anger, and aggressive behavior/aggression). Discussion: The concentration of studies within the Portuguese-speaking region raises the possibility of a geographic bias. Despite this limitation, this review suggests that Capoeira holds promise as a psychotherapeutic intervention. However, the need for further studies to establish its solid effectiveness is underscored. Conclusion: This review provides a synthesis of existing literature on Capoeira and its effects on physical and mental health. The observed trends warrant additional research, particularly in diverse geographic settings, to validate and extend our understanding of Capoeira's potential as a psychotherapeutic intervention.