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Related Concept Videos

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Can we cure rheumatoid arthritis?

Yi Yin1, Meiyu Guo1, Peter E Lipsky2

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

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Achieving sustained drug-free remission or cure for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains challenging. Emerging immunotherapies show promise for reprogramming immune responses, potentially shifting focus from symptom management to disease eradication.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Therapeutics Development

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease despite current treatments.
  • Sustained drug-free remission (SDFR) or cure for RA is rarely achieved.
  • Barriers to cure include immune resilience, stromal activation, structural damage, and genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in RA therapeutics.
  • To evaluate if emerging therapies can lead to immunological normalization and cure.
  • To assess the potential of new treatments to shift the paradigm from management to cure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on RA therapeutics.
  • Analysis of emerging therapies like novel biologics, cellular interventions, and gene editing.
  • Evaluation of preclinical and early clinical data on disease trajectory modification.

Main Results:

  • Current treatments improve outcomes but do not offer a cure.
  • Emerging therapies aim to reprogram immune responses, offering potential for SDFR and cure.
  • Early data suggest potential for disease trajectory modification, but durable immune resetting is not yet proven.

Conclusions:

  • Definitive cure for RA is not yet attainable but is a future goal.
  • Precision medicine, next-generation immunotherapy, and translational research are driving a shift towards curative strategies.
  • The 'window of opportunity' for early intervention remains a key area for research in RA treatment.