Evaluating trace elements as a conservation concern for Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Switzerland

Area of Science:

• Wildlife toxicology
• Conservation biology
• Ecotoxicology

Background:

• The endangered Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Switzerland faces threats like habitat loss and poaching.
• The impact of trace element (TE) exposure on Eurasian lynx health and conservation is not well understood.
• As apex predators, lynx can accumulate non-essential (e.g., lead, mercury) and essential (e.g., copper, zinc) TEs, potentially affecting health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the levels of eight trace elements (TEs) in Eurasian lynx liver samples.
• To investigate the relationship between TE concentrations and the body condition of Eurasian lynx.
• To determine if current TE exposure poses a significant threat to Eurasian lynx conservation in Switzerland.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of liver samples from 122 archived Eurasian lynx specimens.
• Quantification of eight TEs: arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury (non-essential), and copper, iron, selenium, zinc (essential).
• Assessment of TE concentrations in relation to age, sex, time, environmental variables, and body condition score.

Main Results:

• TE concentrations were comparable to other wild lynx populations and below known mammalian toxicity thresholds.
• Essential TE levels were above deficiency thresholds.
• Lower body condition scores correlated with higher TE concentrations, suggesting poor health influences TE accumulation rather than direct toxicity.

Conclusions:

• Current trace element exposure levels do not appear to pose a significant threat to the Eurasian lynx population in Switzerland.
• Findings provide valuable data for ongoing conservation strategies and health monitoring of this endangered species.
• Further research may explore indirect effects of TEs on lynx health and ecosystem dynamics.