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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
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Perceiving object size in pictures involves high-level processing.

Ecem Altan1, H Boyaci2,3,4, Steven C Dakin1,5

  • 1School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|May 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Illusory perception of object size involves higher-level brain processing. Manipulating depth cues and scene orientation in a Ponzo illusion reveals that visual experience and context influence neural representations in the primary visual cortex (V1).

Keywords:
fMRIinverted Ponzo illusionperceived sizepopulation receptive fieldtop-down processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Spatial context significantly influences perceived object size, leading to visual illusions.
  • Neural correlates of these size illusions exist in the primary visual cortex (V1), but the processing stage remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of higher-level processing in Ponzo-like visual illusions.
  • To determine how depth cues and scene inversion affect illusory size perception and V1 responses.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified illusion strength by manipulating depth cues and inverting scenes.
  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure V1 activation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Illusory effects were stronger with realistic backgrounds and upright scenes.
  • Inverted scenes showed reduced V1 activation compared to upright scenes, correlating with perceived size.
  • Scene inversion disrupted higher-level processing while preserving low-level features.

Conclusions:

  • Ponzo-like illusions are mediated by higher-level cognitive processes.
  • These processes integrate contextual depth information and prior visual experience.
  • This integration modulates neural representations of object size within V1.