[Enhancing CAR-T/CAR-NK Cells through by Cytokine Signaling]

Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy has already been in the clinic due to its marked efficacy against several hematologic cancers. However, a significant number of patients relapse after a transient response, and the applicable diseases are still limited. Cytokine signaling is one of the most promising targets to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T cells. At the same time, several cytokines are closely associated with toxicity, as exemplified by cytokine release syndrome. Here I will present representative findings on cytokines that have been shown to modulate CAR-T cell functions. I will also present our recent studies on how to simultaneously address efficacy and safety issues in CAR-T cell therapy. We will also briefly discuss CAR-NK cells, in which cytokines play an essential role.