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Causal relationships between depression, anxiety, and myopia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Shengsong Xu1,2, Xiao Wang1, Jinyi Xu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

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This study found that depression and anxiety causally increase the risk of developing myopia. Mental health support is crucial for myopia prevention strategies in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Myopia is a growing global health concern.
  • The potential causal links between mental health conditions like depression and anxiety and myopia risk remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between depression, anxiety, and the risk of myopia.
  • Utilize Mendelian randomization to assess genetic predispositions.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) design.
  • Utilized summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for depression and anxiety as exposures, and myopia as the outcome.
  • Applied inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method with sensitivity analyses.

Main Results:

  • Genetic variants for depression and anxiety were identified as instrumental variables.
  • Both depression (OR=1.010) and anxiety (OR=1.083) showed a statistically significant association with increased myopia risk.
  • Multivariable MR confirmed that depression (OR=1.004) and anxiety (OR=1.004) remain associated with elevated myopia risk after adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • A causal relationship exists between depression, anxiety, and an increased risk of myopia.
  • Highlights the importance of considering mental health in myopia control strategies, particularly for children.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.