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Reducing the low prevalence effect: Does similarity search translate to binary decisions?

Greer Gillies1, Anna Kosovicheva2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. greer.gillies@mail.utoronto.ca.

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Similarity search can reduce the low prevalence effect (LPE) in visual tasks. However, the LPE persists when binary decisions are required, even with naturalistic stimuli.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • The low prevalence effect (LPE) is a common phenomenon in visual search where rare targets are frequently missed.
  • Existing cognitive interventions often fail to mitigate the LPE.
  • Similarity search has shown promise in eliminating the LPE in controlled settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the benefits of similarity search extend to binary decision tasks.
  • To determine if similarity search can attenuate the LPE with more naturalistic stimuli.
  • To explore the limitations of applying similarity search in real-world scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed visual search tasks with manipulated target prevalence, using T-shapes among near-T distractors.
  • Two conditions were tested: similarity search only, and similarity search combined with a binary decision (target present/absent).
  • A second experiment used naturalistic road video stimuli, requiring participants to identify hazards and make a binary response.

Main Results:

  • Similarity search partially attenuated the LPE in some circumstances.
  • A significant LPE was observed for the binary decision task in both experiments.
  • Participants were less accurate in classifying targets as present during low prevalence conditions.

Conclusions:

  • While similarity search can reduce the LPE, its effectiveness is limited when binary decisions are involved.
  • The LPE remains a challenge in visual search tasks requiring yes/no judgments, even with naturalistic stimuli.
  • The application of similarity search in real-world settings may be constrained by the necessity of binary decision-making.