The Psychological Impact of Sarcoma From Pre-Diagnosis to Post-Treatment, a Meta-Synthesis

Sarcoma is a rare form of cancer affecting soft tissue and bone. Previous research has highlighted psychological challenges associated with this subset of cancer. The purpose of this paper is to draw together existing qualitative research into the psychological experiences of sarcoma patients, and to identify any sarcoma-specific psychological needs.

A systematic review was conducted with the question: 'What is the psychological impact of sarcoma?'. The protocol for the review was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42023439959). Thematic meta-synthesis (meta-ethnography) was used to consolidate a range of qualitative sources.

Screening of four relevant databases identified 43 studies for inclusion, with 40 contributing to the synthesis, post-quality assessment. Psychological experiences were split into two timepoints: Early Days (highlighting delays, shock, and immediate interpretations) and Living With and Beyond (encompassing relationships, anxieties and fears, sadness and loss, coping and growth). Many psychological impacts on general cancer populations are also applicable to sarcoma, such as fear of recurrence and progression of the disease. However, some have increased resonance in those with sarcoma, due in part to its rarity, disabling potential and its occurrence at younger age. Those with Kaposi's sarcoma face unique challenges around stigmatisation.

Health professionals who work with sarcoma patients should be aware of the additional informational, relational, and emotional challenges faced by those with sarcoma. Further research could identify what interventions could meet these challenges.