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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Neuroimaging in Neuro-Ophthalmology: Past, Present, and Future.

Nailyn Rasool¹, Matthew Barkovich

¹Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology (NR) and Radiology (MB), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

|May 14, 2025

Summary

Neuroimaging advancements since 1895 have revolutionized the study of the visual system, enabling precise visualization of the brain and optic pathways. Future techniques promise deeper insights into microstructural, metabolic, and genetic aspects of visual health.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neurology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Historically, visual system understanding relied on postmortem studies.
The invention of X-ray technology in 1895 marked the beginning of in-vivo neuroimaging.
Advancements include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical development of neuroimaging techniques for the visual axis.
To highlight the impact of these technologies on understanding visual system anatomy and pathology.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
The review spanned from antiquity to the present day, focusing on neuroimaging of the visual axis.

Main Results:

Neuroimaging has transformed the visualization of intracranial and orbital anatomy.
Imaging the visual axis is now faster, easier, and more precise, aiding early diagnosis.
Future research aims to enhance techniques for assessing microstructural, metabolic, and genetic biomarkers.

Conclusions:

High-resolution, multiplanar neuroimaging has revolutionized the visualization of neuro-ophthalmic anatomy and pathology.
Ongoing research will integrate metabolic, anatomic, and connectivity data for a comprehensive understanding of the visual system.