Differences in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Trends Across US Census Divisions, 2001 to 2021

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer mortality in the United States.
• Understanding national and regional trends in HCC incidence is critical for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated analysis of national secular trends in HCC incidence.
• To investigate geographic and racial/ethnic variations in HCC incidence across US census divisions.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of HCC incidence data from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database (2001-2021, excluding 2020).
• Age-adjusted incidence rates were analyzed using the National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint Regression Program.
• Trends were examined nationally, by US census division, and stratified by race/ethnicity.

Main Results:

• National HCC incidence rates showed an average annual increase of 2.51% from 2001-2021, but a recent decrease of -3.33% (2018-2021).
• Significant regional variations were observed, with Division 1 showing the largest decrease and Divisions 6 and 7 showing stabilized rates.
• Recent trends indicated substantial decreases for non-Hispanic Black and Asian/Pacific Islander populations, with varied trends for other groups.

Conclusions:

• National HCC incidence rates are declining, but these trends are not uniform across all US census divisions or racial/ethnic groups.
• Significant disparities in HCC incidence persist among different populations.
• Race-specific public health interventions are necessary to reduce HCC incidence disparities nationwide.