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Associations Between Physical Capability Markers and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Study of 439,295
Duqiu Liu1,2, Chenxing Yang3, Tianyu Guo4
1Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Insights
Higher grip strength and muscle mass, key indicators of sarcopenia, are linked to a significantly lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). This finding holds true across various demographics and risk factors, highlighting the importance of physical capability in cardiovascular health.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Gerontology
- Metabolic Health
Background:
- The link between sarcopenia, characterized by muscle weakness and loss, and the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear.
- Investigating this relationship is crucial for understanding cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and developing preventative strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between physical capability markers of sarcopenia (grip strength, muscle mass) and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD).
- To explore whether common risk factors modify the relationship between sarcopenia markers and CAD risk.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study utilizing UK Biobank data from 439,295 participants.
- Grip strength measured via dynamometer; muscle mass estimated by bioelectrical impedance.
- Cox proportional hazard models analyzed associations between sarcopenia markers and incident CAD over a median follow-up of 13.15 years.
Main Results:
- A total of 41,564 incident CAD cases were recorded.
- Higher grip strength and muscle mass showed a significant dose-response reduction in CAD risk.
- Associations were consistent across subgroups, with significant interactions observed for sex, age, smoking, inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, and genetic predisposition.
Conclusions:
- Physical capability markers, specifically grip strength and muscle mass, are independently associated with a reduced risk of developing CAD.
- This protective association is evident in a dose-response manner and is not significantly altered by genetic predisposition or other major risk factors.
- Maintaining or improving physical capability may be a key strategy for preventing coronary artery disease.
Abstract:
Background: The relationship between sarcopenia and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate this relationship and the modifying effect of potential risk factors. Methods: We conducted a prospective study including 439,295 individuals from the UK Biobank. The primary outcome was the incidence of CAD. The main physical capability markers for sarcopenia, grip strength and muscle mass, were investigated as risk factors of interest. Grip strength was measured using a Jamar J00105 (Lafayette, IN, USA) hydraulic hand dynamometer, while muscle mass was estimated through bioelectrical impedance. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to analyze the associations between the exposures and the risk of CAD. Results: A total of 41,564 incident cases of CAD were identified after a median follow-up of 13.15 years (IQR 12.29-13.88 years). Compared with the lowest quintile of grip strength, the adjusted HRs for incidences of CAD from the second to the fifth quintile were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.79-0.83), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.69-0.73), 0.61 (95% CI: 0.60-0.63), and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.48-0.51). The association remained significant in subgroup analysis and interactions were observed between the two exposures and sex, age, smoking status, inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, and genetic predisposition (all p for interactions < 0.05). Conclusions: Physical capability markers of sarcopenia, grip strength and muscle mass, were independently associated with a dose-response decreased risk for CAD incidence, regardless of genetic predisposition and potential modifying risk factors.
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