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COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Inequality Among Children: A Multidimensional Demographic Analysis
Seyed M Karimi1, Mana Moghadami1, Md Yasin Ali Parh2
1Department of Health Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 14, 2025
Summary
COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children varied by race and ethnicity. Black children had the lowest vaccination rates across all age groups, highlighting persistent inequalities in vaccine access and uptake.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Public health and epidemiology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Children typically experience milder COVID-19 symptoms due to lower immune reactivity but can transmit the virus asymptomatically.
- Understanding pediatric COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for community protection and mitigating transmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze COVID-19 vaccine uptake for first and second doses among children.
- To examine vaccination trends by age, race, ethnicity, and sex in Jefferson County, Kentucky.
Main Methods:
- Utilized immunization registry data to track COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children.
- Analyzed trends across age groups, race, ethnicity, and sex combinations over six quarters.
- Focused on Jefferson County, Kentucky, the state's most populous county.
Main Results:
- Significant disparities in two-dose vaccination rates were observed by May 2022.
- In 16-17 year olds, White children had higher rates (64.8%) than Black children (41.2%).
- Black children consistently showed the lowest two-dose vaccination rates across all age groups (5-11: 17.2%; 12-15: 38.8%).
Conclusions:
- Persistent racial, ethnic, and sex-based inequalities in pediatric COVID-19 vaccination were evident.
- Targeted vaccine distribution and promotional strategies are needed for minority groups and males.
- Addressing these disparities is essential for equitable vaccine coverage in children.
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