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A Systematic Literature Review for Blockchain-Based Healthcare Implementations.
Mutiullah Shaikh1, Shafique Ahmed Memon1, Ali Ebrahimi1
1SDU Health Informatics and Technology, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 14, 2025
Summary
Blockchain (BC) in healthcare improves data sharing and security, showing significant effectiveness in drug traceability and fraud prevention. Further research is needed for scalability and ethical integration in data-driven healthcare systems.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- Blockchain Technology
- Data Security and Privacy
Background:
- Healthcare information systems face challenges with data sharing, privacy breaches, and patient data control.
- Blockchain (BC) offers a decentralized, transparent, and immutable ledger for secure, privacy-preserving access control in health informatics technology (HIT).
- Current BC adoption in healthcare is limited to conceptual or proof-of-concept (PoC) stages, often using simulated data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and analyze blockchain-based healthcare implementations.
- To benchmark peer-reviewed studies and evaluate real-world applications and their metrics.
- To focus on practical, validated BC applications beyond conceptual studies and PoCs.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review (SLR) adhering to PRISMA-2020 guidelines.
- Searched five major databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect) using MeSH terms for BC in healthcare.
- Included independent reviewer screening, eligibility assessment, quality appraisal, and data synthesis; review protocol registered with OSF.
Main Results:
- 82 original studies met eligibility criteria, reporting validated outcomes of BC-based healthcare implementations.
- Studies synthesized qualitative and quantitative data on BC's effectiveness in addressing healthcare challenges.
- Key areas of BC application and their validated performance metrics were identified.
Conclusions:
- Blockchain-based healthcare solutions demonstrate significant qualitative and quantitative effectiveness.
- Advancements include up to 100% effectiveness in drug traceability and 95% reduction in fraud.
- Future research should address scalability, privacy, security, integration, and ethical frameworks for widespread adoption.
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