Parabacteroides goldsteinii Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Pigs

Intestinal inflammation in piglets leads to diarrhea, decreased immune function, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Probiotics are widely recognized and used in the prevention and control of enteritis in piglets. Parabacteroides goldsteinii (PG) is a probiotic, and there are few reports on the anti-inflammatory properties of this in piglets. Therefore, this study selected 10 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) piglets aged 50 days and randomly divided them into a control group (CT group) and an experimental group (PG group) for a 14-day experiment. During days 1-7, the PG group established an inflammation model by gavage with 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The results showed that DSS increased the content of IL-6 and IL-8 (p < 0.05), while it decreased the content of IL-10 in the serum (p < 0.05), For days 8-14, the DSS-treated piglets were administered a 7.9 × 10⁸ CFU/mL PG suspension via gavage. The content of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in the piglets did not differ between the CT and PG groups (p > 0.05). Some beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillales and Butyricimonas, were significantly enriched in the PG group (p < 0.05). The PG group showed lower alpha diversity (p < 0.05), and the metabolic pathways exhibited the highest abundance in the KEGG functional prediction analysis. The above studies confirm that PG alleviates intestinal inflammation and changes the gut microbial composition.