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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
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Revisiting Secondary Dilative Cardiomyopathy.

Nilima Rajpal Kundnani1,2, Federico Di Luca3, Vlad Meche3

  • 1University Clinic of Internal Medicine and Ambulatory Care, Prevention and Cardiovascular Recovery, Department VI-Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Secondary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) arises from external causes, not genetics. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment of the underlying cause, alongside heart failure therapies, improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
biomarkersdilative cardiomyopathyprecision medicinetargeted therapies

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Secondary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) results from identifiable external factors, contrasting with primary genetic forms.
  • Increasing prevalence of conditions like alcohol use disorder, chemotherapy cardiotoxicity, and viral myocarditis necessitates greater awareness and early detection of secondary DCM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical trial and observational data on secondary DCM, focusing on mortality, symptom relief, and adverse events.
  • To review advances in diagnostics and emerging therapies for secondary DCM.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review using PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Data extraction included patient demographics, etiology, trial design, outcomes, and follow-up.
  • Analysis focused on mortality, symptom relief, and major adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic advances, including high-sensitivity troponin and cardiac MRI, improve identification of secondary DCM causes like myocarditis.
  • Toxin-induced cardiomyopathies reveal pathways of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
  • Standard heart failure therapies combined with etiological treatment are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Secondary DCM is a diverse group of disorders requiring precise etiological diagnosis for effective management.
  • Timely identification and treatment of the underlying cause, alongside optimized heart failure therapies, significantly improve outcomes.
  • Future research should focus on targeted therapies, biomarkers, and precision medicine for secondary DCM.