Vitamins in the Pathogenesis of Prostate Cancer: Implications for Prevention and Therapeutic Support

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men and represents a major challenge for modern medicine. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of vitamins in the pathogenesis of this disease, as well as their potential impact on prevention and supportive treatment. Studies conducted so far suggest that certain vitamins may exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thus supporting the immune response, which may influence cancer risk and treatment efficacy. This article aims to present the current state of knowledge on the role of vitamins in prostate cancer, focusing on their potential importance both in prevention and as an adjunct to therapy. Vitamins A, D, E, C, and B-group compounds may influence prostate cancer development and progression through mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune modulation. Despite promising insights from basic research, clinical studies remain inconclusive, and the effects of vitamin supplementation depend on factors like dosage, form, and individual variability. Therefore, a balanced diet rich in natural vitamins is recommended, while further research is needed to clarify their therapeutic and preventive roles in prostate cancer.