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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Updated: May 17, 2025

In Vivo Osteo-organoid Approach for Harvesting Therapeutic Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
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Body Fluid-Derived Stem Cells: Powering Innovative, Less-Invasive Cell Therapies.

Adam David Goff1,2, Xinyue Zhang1, Biju Thomas3

  • 1Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Body fluid-derived stem cells offer a promising, non-invasive alternative for regenerative medicine. Research highlights their potential for tissue repair, though further study is needed for clinical application.

Keywords:
body fluid-derived stem cellspersonalized medicineregenerationstem cell therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • Traditional stem cell sources (bone marrow, adipose) face limitations like invasiveness and low cell yield.
  • Body fluid-derived stem cells present a viable, non-invasive alternative for regenerative applications.
  • Accessibility and ease of isolation are key advantages of stem cells from bodily fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze stem cells derived from various body fluids.
  • To compare the properties and therapeutic potential of different body fluid-derived stem cells.
  • To assess the clinical translation barriers and future prospects of these cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on stem cells from amniotic fluid, peripheral blood, cord blood, menstrual fluid, urine, synovial fluid, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Comparative analysis of biological properties, isolation methods, and therapeutic applications.
  • Evaluation of challenges and opportunities for clinical implementation.

Main Results:

  • Body fluid-derived stem cells exhibit diverse biological characteristics and therapeutic potential.
  • Sources include amniotic fluid, blood, urine, milk, and cerebrospinal fluid, offering non-invasive access.
  • Key differences in yield, purity, and differentiation capacity exist among sources.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cells from body fluids are a promising, accessible source for regenerative medicine.
  • Further research is essential to overcome barriers and realize the full clinical utility of these cells.
  • Non-invasive stem cell sourcing holds significant potential for future therapeutic strategies.