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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic health
  • Gut microbiome research
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • High-fat diets (HFDs) are linked to metabolic disturbances and obesity.
  • HFDs significantly alter gut microbial composition and diversity.
  • Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in fat digestion and are metabolized by gut microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of HFDs on body weight and lipid markers.
  • To examine HFD-induced alterations in gut microbiome characteristics.
  • To elucidate the role of bile acids in the HFD-induced intestinal microenvironment changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on high-fat diet impacts.
  • Analysis of studies on gut microbiota composition and diversity changes.
  • Investigation of bile acid profiles and their relationship with gut microbes.

Main Results:

  • HFDs generally increase Firmicutes abundance and decrease alpha diversity in the gut.
  • HFDs alter both gut microbiota composition and bile acid profiles.
  • Probiotic supplementation has shown potential to reverse adverse HFD effects.

Conclusions:

  • HFDs induce significant metabolic and gut microbial dysbiosis.
  • Bile acids are critical mediators in the HFD-altered intestinal environment.
  • Further research into these mechanisms may reveal strategies to combat obesity.