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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Protein Digestion01:02

Protein Digestion

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Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the highly acidic environment can easily disrupt protein structure by exposing the peptide bonds of polypeptide chains. After polypeptide chains are broken into individual amino acids by a series of digestive enzymes, the amino acids are transported to the liver via the bloodstream to produce energy.
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Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

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Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
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Updated: May 17, 2025

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
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Sports Nutrition: Current and Novel Insights.

David C Nieman1

  • 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.

Nutrients
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This special issue explores sports nutrition, offering new insights into athletic performance and recovery. Research advances scientific understanding for athletes seeking optimal results.

Area of Science:

  • Sports nutrition
  • Exercise physiology

Background:

  • Focus on enhancing athletic performance through nutritional strategies.
  • Investigating the role of nutrition in post-exercise recovery.

Discussion:

  • Exploring novel scientific insights in sports nutrition.
  • Addressing various aspects of performance optimization and recovery.

Key Insights:

  • Advanced understanding of sports nutrition's impact.
  • Novel findings on performance enhancement and recovery protocols.

Outlook:

  • Future directions in sports nutrition research.
  • Implications for athletes and sports science professionals.

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