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Related Concept Videos

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

971
During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
971
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

209
The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
209

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Correction: Pramesthi et al. Evaluating the Impact of Indonesia's National School Feeding Program (ProGAS) on Children's Nutrition and Learning Environment: A Mixed-Methods Approach. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 3575.

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Correction: Huang et al. Correlation Study Between Dietary Behaviors, Lifestyle, and Psychological Problems in Chinese Children Aged 3-7. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 176.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice
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Overnight Fasting and Body Weight: Emulated Target Trial Using Cancer Prevention Study-3 Data.

Valeria Elahy1, Ying Wang1, W Dana Flanders2

  • 1Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.

Nutrients
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intermittent fasting

Keywords:
body weightemulated target trialfastingmeal timing

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Metabolic Health
  • Weight Management

Background:

  • Intermittent fasting (IF) is popular for weight management, but long-term effects are not well understood.
  • This study investigates the impact of different IF timings on body weight over two years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term effects of overnight, before-sleep, and after-sleep fasting on body weight.
  • To analyze sex-specific differences in response to intermittent fasting protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Emulation of three target trials in 457 adults without diabetes or cancer.
  • Analysis of fasting durations: overnight (<12 vs. ≥12 h), before sleep (<4 vs. ≥4 h), and after sleep (<1 vs. ≥1 h).
  • Estimation of mean body weight at two years using marginal structural models with stabilized inverse probability weights.

Main Results:

  • No substantial overall body weight change was observed with overnight fasting alone after two years.
  • A trend towards lower weight was seen with fasting ≥4 hours before sleep (mean difference: 1.9 kg).
  • Significant sex-specific differences emerged: men showed increased weight with overnight fasting ≥12 h, while women showed decreased weight.

Conclusions:

  • Overnight fasting alone may not significantly impact body weight in the general population.
  • Sex-specific responses to intermittent fasting warrant further investigation for personalized strategies.
  • Understanding these nuances is crucial for effective weight management through dietary interventions.