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Related Concept Videos

Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
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Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect
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Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Bone Scaffold: Surfactant Surface Effects.

Muhammed Enes Oruc1, Nilüfer Evcimen Duygulu2, Betul Onder2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha 24449, Qatar.

Polymers
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofiber scaffolds reinforced with nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and stabilized with sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) show promise for bone tissue engineering due to improved structure and mechanical properties without cytotoxicity.

Keywords:
bone scaffoldhydroxyapatite nanomaterialpoly(methyl methacrylate)surfactant

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Bone tissue engineering requires advanced scaffolds with suitable mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
  • Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a versatile polymer, but its application in bone regeneration can be limited by its mechanical strength and bioactivity.
  • Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) is a key component for enhancing bone regeneration due to its similarity to natural bone mineral.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofiber scaffolds reinforced with nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA).
  • To investigate the effect of sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) as a surfactant on the dispersion and morphology of n-HA within PMMA nanofibers.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the developed n-HA-reinforced PMMA nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PMMA/n-HA nanofiber scaffolds using electrospinning with STTP as a surfactant.
  • Characterization of fiber morphology and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • Assessment of mechanical properties through tensile testing and evaluation of cytotoxicity using L929 fibroblast cells.

Main Results:

  • STTP addition effectively stabilized n-HA dispersion, leading to homogeneous PMMA_10_HA_S nanofibers with an average diameter of 345.40 ± 53.55 nm.
  • The n-HA-reinforced PMMA nanofibers exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, with a maximum tensile stress of 4.16 ± 2.13 MPa and elongation of 7.1 ± 1.95%.
  • Cytotoxicity assays confirmed no adverse effects of PMMA_10_HA_S nanofibers on L929 fibroblast cells at concentrations up to 100 mg/mL.

Conclusions:

  • The incorporation of n-HA and stabilization with STTP significantly improved the structural integrity and mechanical performance of PMMA nanofibers.
  • The developed PMMA_10_HA_S nanofiber scaffolds demonstrate excellent biocompatibility.
  • These findings suggest that STTP-stabilized n-HA-reinforced PMMA nanofiber scaffolds are promising candidates for future bone tissue engineering applications.