Polymer Micelles as Nanocarriers of Bioactive Peptides

Bioactive peptides (BPs) have demonstrated diverse inhibitory effects against parasites, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens, and therefore, they have been extensively used for developing various therapeutics. However, several challenges for the clinical use of BPs related to their stability, bioavailability, and cytotoxicity remain. The encapsulation of BPs in polymer micelles (PMs) has emerged as an effective strategy that can improve the pharmacological profiles, safety, and efficacy of treatments. This review describes the recent advances of micellar carriers of peptides with antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-diabetic activities. The mode of action of BPs and the unique characteristics of PMs are described, and a critical evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages is made. The upcoming challenges and future perspectives of micellar systems carrying BPs are discussed as well.