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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Updated: May 6, 2026

Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications
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Dual Interferometric Interrogation for DFB Laser-Based Acoustic Sensing.

Mehmet Ziya Keskin1, Abdulkadir Yentur1, Ibrahim Ozdur1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06510, Türkiye.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 14, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances fiber-optic hydrophones (FOHs) using Mach-Zehnder interferometers for improved underwater acoustic sensing. The new method boosts dynamic range, offering better performance for surveillance and monitoring.

Keywords:
acoustic sensingfiber lasersfiber-optic sensorshydrophonesinterferometers

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Acoustic Sensing
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • Conventional piezoelectric hydrophones have limitations like size, electromagnetic interference, and corrosion.
  • Fiber-optic hydrophones (FOHs) offer advantages such as mechanical flexibility and resistance to harsh environments.
  • Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are sensitive to perturbations, enabling acoustic signal detection via wavelength shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an enhanced interrogation mechanism for fiber-optic hydrophones.
  • To improve the cost-effectiveness and resolution of phase-based measurements.
  • To extend the dynamic range of FOH systems for underwater applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Mach-Zehnder interferometers to translate laser wavelength shifts into measurable phase deviations.
  • Implemented a dual interferometric setup integrated with a standard demodulation algorithm.
  • Leveraged the sensitivity of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers to external perturbations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved cost-effective and high-resolution phase-based measurements.
  • Demonstrated a significant increase in dynamic range from 125 dB to 139 dB at 1 kHz.
  • Maintained the noise floor without degradation while extending the dynamic range.

Conclusions:

  • The enhanced interrogation mechanism substantially improves FOH performance.
  • The expanded dynamic range enhances the utility of FOH systems in underwater environments.
  • This technology supports critical applications including underwater surveillance, submarine communication, and marine ecosystem monitoring.