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Bio-Based Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Polyurethane Blends: Preparation, Properties Evaluation and Structure Analysis.

Beata Krzykowska1, Anna Fajdek-Bieda2, Aneta Jakubus3

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Summary

This study explores poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) and polyurethane (PU) polymer blends. Blends with 10 wt. % PU exhibited optimal thermal and mechanical properties, showing improved impact strength and easier processing.

Keywords:
mechanical propertiespolyhydroxyalkanoatespolymer blendspolyurethanesstructurestructure-properties relationshipthermal stability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) is a biodegradable polymer with potential applications but limitations in thermal and mechanical properties.
  • Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile polymer known for its elasticity and toughness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize polymer blends of P3HB and synthesized linear PU.
  • To investigate the effect of varying PU content (5, 10, 15 wt. %) on the thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of P3HB.
  • To determine the optimal PU composition for enhanced material performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of linear polyurethane (PU) via reaction of polypropylene glycol with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
  • Melt-blending of P3HB and PU using a twin-screw extruder.
  • Characterization using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties (impact resistance, hardness, tensile, flexural) and surface topography.

Main Results:

  • FTIR confirmed hydrogen bonding interactions between PU and the P3HB matrix.
  • Increased PU content led to improved surface regularity and homogeneity.
  • P3HB/PU blends showed reduced hardness, enhanced impact strength, and greater relative elongation at break compared to pure P3HB.
  • DSC indicated decreased glass transition, melting, and crystallization temperatures with increasing PU content.
  • Blends with 10 wt. % PU demonstrated the best overall mechanical and thermal properties.

Conclusions:

  • Polyurethane incorporation significantly modifies the properties of P3HB.
  • The P3HB/PU blend containing 10 wt. % PU offers a promising balance of improved mechanical performance, enhanced processability due to lower melting point, and better thermal stability.
  • These findings suggest potential for P3HB/PU blends in applications requiring enhanced biodegradability and tailored mechanical characteristics.