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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

171
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
171
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

96
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
96
Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

66
Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
Waterproofing admixtures render concrete hydrophobic,...
66
Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

88
Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
88
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

68
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
68
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

191
The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
191

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
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Wood-Based Micro-Biochars in a Cement Mixture.

Minkyeong Pyo1, Jongsun Kim2, Seungwook Seok2

  • 1Department of Chemical, Biological and Battery Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrating micro-biochar into cement offers a sustainable solution for the construction industry. This study shows biochar can replace cement without compromising, and even improving, concrete strength, aiding carbon neutrality efforts.

Keywords:
biocharcarbon sequesteringconcretereinforcementwood

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Construction
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • The cement industry faces significant pressure to achieve carbon neutrality.
  • Biochar, a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis, offers potential for carbon sequestration in construction materials.
  • Investigating wood-based micro-biochar as a sustainable additive in cement composites is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize wood-based, micron-sized biochar (chemical composition, morphology, wettability).
  • To evaluate the mechanical impact of micro-biochar as a partial cement replacement in concrete.
  • To assess the potential of biochar for carbon sequestration and emission reduction in the cement industry.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of lignocellulosic micro-biochar.
  • Partial replacement of cement with micro-biochar at 1, 3, and 5 wt% in cement composites.
  • Evaluation of compressive strength of cement composites at 7 and 28 days.

Main Results:

  • Micro-biochar exhibited suitable chemical composition, morphology, and wettability for cementitious applications.
  • Cement composites with micro-biochar maintained or improved compressive strength compared to control samples.
  • A 3 wt% biochar substitution resulted in a 4.4% increase in compressive strength after 28 days (30.9 MPa vs. 29.6 MPa).

Conclusions:

  • Wood-based micro-biochar can be effectively used as a partial replacement for cement in concrete.
  • The use of micro-biochar in cement composites contributes to sustainable construction and carbon emission reduction.
  • This research provides a viable green solution for enhancing the environmental profile of the cement industry.