Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

29.0K
The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
29.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

8% capsaicin patches for HIV-induced polyneuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pain management·2026
Same author

Measuring Outcomes and Controlling Confounding Variables in Exercise Intervention Trials for Spinal Cord Injury.

Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation·2026
Same author

A Practical Guide for Researchers Prescribing Exercise to Improve Fitness and Health Outcomes in Individuals Living with Spinal Cord Injury.

Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Rapid microbiome restructuring associated with medical exposure in remote Amazonian Indigenous communities.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Development and content validity of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for individuals living with spinal cord injuries and disorders.

Spinal cord·2026
Same author

Effects of active upper-limb and passive lower-limb exercise on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure outcomes in individuals with motor-complete spinal cord injury: A case-series.

The journal of spinal cord medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
08:07

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

12.6K

Cardiometabolic Risk in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Temporal and

Gary J Farkas1,2, Lizeth J Caldera1, Daniel D Hodgkiss3

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) face a significant cardiometabolic burden, including obesity and insulin resistance, which worsens with injury severity. This global issue affects even athletes with SCI, highlighting a growing pandemic.

Keywords:
athletesblood pressurecardiometabolic riskcardiometabolic syndromecardiovascular diseasecholesterolglucose metabolisminsulin resistancelipidsobesityparaplegiarisk factorsspinal cord injurytetraplegia

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment RMCA in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
09:37

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment RMCA in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: July 19, 2013

10.2K
Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
09:46

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

Published on: June 16, 2016

20.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2025

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
08:07

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

12.6K
Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment RMCA in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
09:37

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment RMCA in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: July 19, 2013

10.2K
Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
09:46

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

Published on: June 16, 2016

20.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) poses a significant health risk, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with numerous secondary health complications, including metabolic dysfunction.
  • Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of CMS in individuals with SCI is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) in adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).
  • To compare CMS risk in SCI individuals against non-SCI controls and athletes with SCI.
  • To analyze the impact of SCI characteristics and explore temporal and geographical trends in CMS.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published up to September 2024.
  • Inclusion of observational and baseline data from experimental studies on adults with chronic SCI (≥1 year).
  • Utilized random effects meta-analysis to assess group differences and linear regression for trend analysis.

Main Results:

  • Adults with SCI exhibited lower BMI, higher visceral fat, and worse lipid/carbohydrate profiles, including increased insulin resistance (IR), compared to controls.
  • Higher injury severity (e.g., tetraplegia, complete SCI) correlated with greater visceral fat, poorer glycemic control, and lower HDL-C.
  • Athletes with SCI showed some metabolic advantages but frequently presented with obesity and carbohydrate dysfunction; global variations and increasing obesity trends were observed.

Conclusions:

  • A widespread cardiometabolic burden exists in chronic SCI populations, extending to athletes.
  • Obesity, IR, and hypoalphalipoproteinemia are exacerbated by SCI severity, with rising global obesity trends and disparities.
  • The findings indicate an evolving global cardiometabolic pandemic within the SCI community.