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Psychiatric and Psychological Implications of Congenital Heart Disease

Oliwia Grunwald1, Agata Anna Sakowicz-Hriscu2, Napoleon Waszkiewicz2

  • 1Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart disease (CHD) significantly increases the risk of psychiatric disorders, particularly in children. Integrated screening and early intervention are crucial for managing these comorbidities and improving patient quality of life.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common global birth defect, affecting 2.78 per 1000 births.
  • CHDs are associated with significant comorbidity risks, with psychiatric disorders affecting over 35% of pediatric patients and 12.4% of adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence and impact of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with congenital heart disease.
  • To highlight the need for integrated screening and management strategies for CHD and mental health conditions.

Main Methods:

  • An extensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from November 2024 to March 2025.
  • 146 articles were selected for inclusion in this comprehensive review.

Main Results:

  • Depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and PTSD are frequently observed psychiatric comorbidities in CHD patients.
  • The presence of mental disorders alongside CHD increases the risk of complications, negatively impacting both cardiac and psychiatric outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • CHD management requires a multidisciplinary approach with integrated screening for psychiatric comorbidities using tools like HADS and BDI-2.
  • Early detection, prevention, patient education, and standardized guidelines are essential for improving quality of life in CHD patients, as chronic heart failure independently diminishes it.

Keywords:
ASDVSDcongenital heart disease (CHD)mental disorderpsychiatric comorbidityrisk factors

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