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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
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Continuous Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Children with 'Benign' External Hydrocephalus.

Maria A Poca1,2,3, Diego Lopez-Bermeo1,2, Paola Cano1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in children with benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) revealed significant ICP abnormalities. These findings can guide surgical treatment decisions for BEH patients.

Keywords:
benign enlargement of subarachnoid spacesexternal hydrocephalusintracranial hypertensionintracranial pressure monitoringintracranial pressure pulsatilitymacrocephaly

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) is characterized by macrocephaly or rapidly increasing head circumference (HC).
  • Continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is crucial for evaluating neurological conditions in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate continuous ICP monitoring results in children diagnosed with BEH.
  • To assess absolute ICP, pulsatility, and slow ICP waves in BEH patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving continuous ICP monitoring in 36 children with BEH using an epidural sensor.
  • ICP data collected over at least 48 hours, with advanced digital acquisition for most patients.

Main Results:

  • Median mean ICP was 17 mmHg; all patients had >20% B waves overnight (median 47.4%).
  • Significant ICP elevations (>10 mmHg) and abnormal high-amplitude B waves were observed.
  • 30 out of 36 patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation.

Conclusions:

  • Children with BEH can exhibit significant intracranial pressure abnormalities.
  • Continuous ICP monitoring aids in determining the need for surgical intervention in BEH.