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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors and Vascular Damage Progression in Type 2 Diabetes: A Primary Care

Carlo Fabris1, Elena Rizzo1, Stefano Bertolissi1

  • 1District of Udine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 1, 33100 Udine, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predictors of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) include microalbuminuria, male gender, older age, and smoking. General practitioners (GPs) manage risk factors, particularly lipid profiles, to slow disease progression.

Keywords:
microalbuminuriatype 2 diabetesvascular damage

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Primary Care Medicine

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) frequently leads to micro/macro-vascular complications.
  • These complications' progression may differ within primary care settings.
  • Identifying predictive factors and GP interventions is crucial for managing DM2 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors predicting the progression of micro/macro-vascular pathology in DM2 patients.
  • To evaluate interventions used by general practitioners (GPs) for these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1169 DM2 patients' medical records from 13 Italian GPs.
  • Data collected included demographics, socio-environmental factors, clinical data, arterial hypertension, and diabetic micro/macroangiopathy components (baseline and 5 years prior).
  • Laboratory parameters and therapies from the preceding three years were also recorded.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of micro/macro-vascular complications increased significantly over 5 years.
  • Microalbuminuria was the strongest predictor of vascular damage progression.
  • Decreasing LDL cholesterol via lipid-lowering therapy, male gender, age >75, and smoking history were also associated with increased vascular damage.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced age, male gender, and smoking are strongly linked to the presence and progression of vascular damage in DM2.
  • GPs demonstrate proactive management of risk factors, especially lipid profiles.
  • Microalbuminuria is a key marker for predicting vascular damage progression in DM2.