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Diversity in the composition of pleural cavity and oral cavity microbiota in different bacterial empyema

Yun Huang1, Qing-Hua Gao1, Chen-Jian Liu1

  • 1Faculty of Life Science and Technology and The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This study reveals distinct oral microbiota profiles in primary empyema compared to secondary empyema. Oral bacteria, particularly Streptococcus constellatus, are linked to specific inflammatory markers in empyema patients.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary empyema has been linked to oral cavity microbial composition.
  • Differences in microbial composition between primary and secondary empyema are not well-characterized.
  • The relationship between empyema characteristics and oral microbiota needs further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically characterize microbial composition differences between primary and secondary empyema.
  • To explore correlations between empyema characteristics and oral microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Collected pleural fluid (hydrothorax) and mouthwash samples from 46 empyema patients.
  • Performed 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing on collected samples.
  • Analyzed microbial diversity and composition at phylum and genus levels.

Main Results:

  • Pleural cavity microbial diversity was significantly lower in pneumonia complicated with empyema compared to primary empyema.
  • Proteobacteria abundance was higher in primary empyema.
  • Specific bacterial genera (e.g., Streptococcus) showed altered abundance, with 94% sequence overlap between pleural fluid and mouthwash samples.
  • Streptococcus constellatus presence correlated with leukocytes and neutrophils, and inversely with lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences exist in the oral microbiota of primary versus secondary empyema.
  • Oral bacteria play a role in the pathogenesis and inflammatory response of empyema.
  • Further research into the oral-pleural microbiome link is warranted.
Keywords:
empyemamicrobiotaoral cavitypleural cavitysimilarity

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