A Review on Biosensors for Quantification of MCP-1 as a Potential Biomarker in Diseases

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as a chemokine is essential for inflammation-related processes. It regulates immunological responses and cell migration, which contribute to inflammation. Many disorders are exacerbated by this chemokine, which attracts or grows other inflammatory cells, including monocytes/macrophages, at the site of infection or tissue injury. The elevated concentrations of MCP-1 are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and neuroinflammatory disease. Therefore, monitoring this inflammatory biomarker in the body has been recommended and strongly advised to make an accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Although MCP-1 is of great importance in disease processes, few biosensing approaches are specifically designed to detect this molecule. These are often electrochemical and optical techniques. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of inflammatory diseases by identifying biomarkers has had a great effect on the advancement of biosensors. Improved biosensor technology expansion prevents excessive prices and low sensitivity, enabling quick and correct diagnosis and tracking of disease processes. This review will concentrate on the biological functions of MCP-1, its significance in different disorders, and the features and applications of biosensors designed for MCP-1 detection and quantification.