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Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

How shape information is coded by V4 cortical response of macaque monkey.

Meilan Liu^1,2, Shanshan Chang¹, Meixuan Chen¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Journal of Neurophysiology

|May 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The V4 cortex processes shape information using specific neural networks that respond best to particular shapes. This brain region shows tolerance to stimulus location, aiding in shape decoding.

Keywords:

functional domains macaque monkey optical imaging shape visual cortex

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Published on: May 23, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Visual Cortex Research
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Previous studies show V4 neurons process shape information.
Limited characterization of spatial activity distribution in V4.
Functional columns (orientation, curvature) in V4 and their response to shapes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate V4 cortical responses to contours and shapes.
Understand how functional columns in V4 respond to different shapes.
Characterize the spatial distribution of V4 activity related to shape processing.

Main Methods:

Intrinsic optical imaging in the V4 cortex of monkeys.
Presentation of various shapes (circle, square) and contours (straight, curved).
Analysis of neural activity patterns and spatial distribution.

Main Results:

V4 neuronal responses are highly dependent on the compositional features of shapes.
Specific local networks exhibit higher response magnitudes to corresponding shapes.
V4 cortical responses demonstrate tolerance to shifts in stimulus location.

Conclusions:

V4 exhibits specific activated response patterns for different shapes.
V4 processing shows tolerance to stimulus location variance.
These features are crucial for decoding shape information from V4 activity.