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Pancreatic Fat Infiltration: A Key Marker in The Metabolic Continuum.

Eva Marín-Serrano1, Noemi González Pérez de Villar2, Jose Mostaza Mostaza Prieto3

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Pancreatic fat infiltration (PFI) is linked to increased pancreatic stiffness and cardiometabolic risk factors. Transabdominal 2D-SWE elastography can detect this, especially in type 2 diabetes patients.

Keywords:
2D-Shear wave elastographycardiometabolic Riskmetabolic Syndromepancreatic fat infiltration

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Medical Imaging
  • Pancreatology

Background:

  • Pancreatic fat infiltration (PFI) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF).
  • The relationship between PFI and pancreatic stiffness is not well understood.
  • Transabdominal 2D-SWE elastography is an emerging imaging technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between PFI and pancreatic stiffness.
  • To explore the link between PFI, pancreatic stiffness, and CMRF.
  • To assess the utility of 2D-SWE elastography in identifying PFI.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 205 patients (103 with PFI, 102 without) identified via abdominal ultrasound.
  • Pancreatic stiffness measured using transabdominal 2D-SWE elastography.
  • CMRF, including waist circumference, BMI, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance, were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Patients with PFI were older and exhibited higher CMRF prevalence, including obesity (79.6%) and insulin resistance (53.9%).
  • Pancreatic stiffness was significantly higher in patients with PFI (7.35 KPa) versus those without (5.3 KPa; P<0.001).
  • Type 2 diabetes was the strongest predictor of increased pancreatic stiffness.

Conclusions:

  • PFI is a metabolic marker linked to central obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated pancreatic stiffness.
  • Transabdominal 2D-SWE elastography shows potential for non-invasively detecting PFI, particularly in type 2 diabetes patients.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the role of PFI in pancreatic dysfunction and metabolic disease progression.