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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
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Multifunctional Cooling Textiles with Enhanced Radiative and Moisture Management by One-Step Phase Separation.

Xiaorong Yang1, Wenjie Qu2, Wangshu Tong1,3

  • 1Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Material Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel cooling textile with radiative cooling and unidirectional moisture-wicking. This fabric offers significant personal thermal management, reducing body temperature by 8.7°C under sunlight.

Keywords:
Janus textilephase separationradiative coolingthermal and moisture managementunidirectional moisture transport

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Global warming necessitates advanced personal thermal management solutions.
  • Developing textiles with both radiative cooling and moisture transport is challenging.
  • High-temperature conditions demand efficient thermal and moisture regulation in textiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a radiative cooling and unidirectional moisture-wicking textile (RCUM-Textile).
  • To achieve this through a simple, one-step phase separation fabrication method.
  • To integrate radiative cooling and efficient sweat evaporation for enhanced thermal comfort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized evaporation-induced phase separation (EIPS) and non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS).
  • Created a trilayer structure with a hydrophobic SiO2/PVDF-HFP upper layer and a hydrophilic cotton lower layer.
  • Applied SiO2/PVDF-HFP solution as a cotton finishing agent for simplified functionalization.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high solar reflectance (89.7%) and mid-infrared emissivity (94.9%).
  • Demonstrated a significant cooling effect of 8.7°C under direct sunlight.
  • Observed an enhanced sweat evaporation rate (0.029 g·m⁻²·s⁻¹) and reduced evaporation enthalpy (2084 J/g).

Conclusions:

  • The RCUM-Textile offers effective radiative cooling and efficient moisture management.
  • The one-step fabrication method is cost-effective and simplifies textile functionalization.
  • The developed textile has potential applications in personal cooling, wearable electronics, and industrial systems.