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Assessing point load strength in irregular phyllite via an equivalent area method.

Hong Zhang1, Yong Cao1, Qiang Luo2

  • 1Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rail Transit Lines Smart Operation and Maintenance, Chengdu Vocational & Technical College of Industry, Chengdu, China.

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|May 14, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new equivalent area method improves point load strength testing for irregular, weathered rocks. This method accounts for actual failure cross-sections, reducing scatter and offering more stable strength estimates in geotechnical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Rock Mechanics
  • Material Science

Background:

  • Obtaining intact cylindrical rock cores for strength testing is difficult with soft, weathered rock.
  • The point load test is a common, rapid method for assessing rock strength.
  • Existing methods (loading-span, equivalent-diameter) have limitations with irregular specimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate existing point load strength calculation methods.
  • To introduce and validate an "equivalent area method" for irregular rock specimens.
  • To analyze the influence of shape factor and loading span on point load strength index across different weathering levels.

Main Methods:

  • Testing of irregular phyllite specimens with varying degrees of weathering (heavy, moderate, slight).
  • Comparison of the loading-span, equivalent-diameter, and proposed equivalent area methods.
  • Analysis of the relationship between shape factor (β), loading span (D), and point load strength index (Is).

Main Results:

  • The equivalent area method utilizes a variable area factor (ψ) accounting for actual failure cross-sections.
  • Median area factors ranged from 1.40 to 1.46, exceeding conventional method factors.
  • A recommended median area factor of 1.43 is proposed.
  • Point load strength index (Is) decreased with increasing shape factor (β) and loading span (D) following a power-law trend.
  • Weathering reduced Is sensitivity to β but not significantly to D.

Conclusions:

  • The equivalent area method provides more stable point load strength estimates, especially for soft or weathered rocks.
  • This method reduces result scatter compared to traditional approaches.
  • Practical guidelines for specimen selection (β and D ranges) are provided for geotechnical applications in weak rock environments.