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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis
12:34

DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis

Published on: October 21, 2011

104.5K

Introducing the "other" type of DNA methylation.

Matthias Bochtler1,2

  • 1International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.

Science Advances
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered new de novo adenine DNA methyltransferases in the ciliate Tetrahymena. This finding expands our understanding of DNA methylation in eukaryotes.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Eukaryotic Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression.
  • Adenine DNA methyltransferases (DamMTs) are known in prokaryotes but were previously uncharacterized in eukaryotes.
  • The ciliate Tetrahymena possesses a unique genetic system and serves as a model organism for studying eukaryotic gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of de novo adenine DNA methyltransferases in Tetrahymena.
  • To characterize the identified DamMTs and their potential roles in epigenetic regulation within this ciliate.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of the Tetrahymena genome to identify putative DamMT genes.
  • Gene expression analysis to confirm the transcription of identified genes.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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  • Biochemical assays to confirm methyltransferase activity of the purified proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification and characterization of novel de novo adenine DNA methyltransferases in Tetrahymena.
    • Confirmation of catalytic activity, demonstrating their ability to methylate adenine residues in DNA.
    • Initial insights into the potential genomic targets and regulatory roles of these enzymes.

    Conclusions:

    • Tetrahymena possesses functional de novo adenine DNA methyltransferases, representing the first discovery of such enzymes in eukaryotes.
    • These findings suggest a broader evolutionary history and functional diversity of DNA methylation mechanisms than previously appreciated.
    • Further research on Tetrahymena DamMTs will illuminate novel epigenetic pathways in eukaryotes.